Bosutinib
Brand names: BOSULIF, Bosutinib
Warnings
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Gastrointestinal Toxicity: Monitor and manage as necessary. Withhold, dose reduce, or discontinue bosutinib. ( 2.3, 5.1 ) Myelosuppression: Monitor blood counts and manage as necessary. Withhold, dose reduce, or discontinue bosutinib. ( 2.4 , 5.2 ) Hepatic Toxicity: Monitor liver enzymes at least monthly for the first 3 months and as needed. Withhold, dose reduce, or discontinue bosutinib. ( 2.3, 5.3 ) Cardiovascular Toxicity: Monitor and manage as necessary. Interrupt, dose reduce, or discontinue bosutinib. ( 5.4 ) Fluid Retention: Monitor patients and manage using standard of care treatment. Interrupt, dose reduce, or discontinue bosutinib. ( 2.3, 5.5 ) Renal Toxicity: Monitor patients for renal function at baseline and during therapy with bosutinib. ( 5.6 ) Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Bosutinib can cause fetal harm. Advise female patients of reproductive potential of potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception. ( 5.7 ) 5.1 Gastrointestinal Toxicity Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain occur with bosutinib treatment. Monitor and manage patients using standards of care, including antidiarrheals, antiemetics, and fluid replacement. In the randomized clinical trial in adult patients with newly-diagnosed Ph+ CML, the median time to onset for diarrhea (all grades) was 4 days and the median duration per event was 3 days. Among 546 adult patients in a single-arm study in patients with CML who were resistant or intolerant to prior therapy, the median time to onset for diarrhea (all grades) was 2 days and the median duration per event was 2 days. Among the patients who experienced diarrhea, the median number of episodes of diarrhea per patient during treatment with bosutinib was 3 (range 1 to 268). To manage gastrointestinal toxicity, withhold, dose reduce, or discontinue bosutinib as necessary [see Dosage and Administration (2.3 ) and Adverse Reactions (6 )]. Pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM CV’s BOSULIF ® (bosutinib) tablets. However, due to PF PRISM CV’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. 5.2 Myelosuppression Thrombocytopenia, anemia and neutropenia occur with bosutinib treatment. Perform complete blood counts weekly for the first month of therapy and then monthly thereafter, or as clinically indicated. To manage myelosuppression, withhold, dose reduce, or discontinue bosutinib as necessary [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) and Adverse Reactions (6) ]. 5.3 Hepatic Toxicity Bosutinib may cause elevations in serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST]). Two cases consistent with drug induced liver injury (defined as concurrent elevations in ALT or AST greater than or equal to 3×ULN with total bilirubin greater than 2×ULN and alkaline phosphatase less than 2×ULN) have occurred without alternative causes. This represented 2 out 1,711 patients in bosutinib clinical trials. In the 268 adult patients from the safety population in the randomized clinical trial in patients with newly-diagnosed CML in the bosutinib treatment group, the incidence of ALT elevation was 68.3% and increased AST was 56%. Of patients who experienced increased transaminases of any grade, 73% experienced their first increase within the first 3 months. The median time to onset of increased ALT and AST was 29 and 56 days, respectively, and the median duration was 19 and 15 days, respectively. Among the 546 adult patients in a single-arm study in patients with CML who were resistant or intolerant to prior therapy, the incidence of increased ALT was 53.3% and AST elevation was 46.7%. Sixty percent of the patients experienced an increase in either ALT or AST. Most cases of transaminase elevations in this study occurred early in treatment; of patients who experienced increased transaminases of any grade, more than 81% experienced their first increase within the first 3 months. The median time to onset of increased ALT and AST was 22 and 29 days, respectively, and the median duration for each was 21 days. Perform hepatic enzyme tests monthly for the first 3 months of bosutinib treatment and as clinically indicated. In patients with transaminase elevations, monitor liver enzymes more frequently. Withhold, dose reduce, or discontinue bosutinib as necessary [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) and Adverse Reactions (6)]. Pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM CV’s BOSULIF ® (bosutinib) tablets. However, due to PF PRISM CV’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. 5.4 Cardiovascular Toxicity Bosutinib can cause cardiovascular toxicity including cardiac failure, left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiac ischemic events. Cardiac failure events occurred more frequently in previously treated patients than in patients with newly diagnosed CML and were more frequent in patients with advanced age or risk factors, including previous medical history of cardiac failure. Cardiac ischemic events occurred in both previously treated patients and in patients with newly diagnosed CML and were more common in patients with coronary artery disease risk factors, including history of diabetes, body mass index greater than 30, hypertension, and vascular disorders. In a randomized study of adult patients with newly diagnosed CML, cardiac failure occurred in 1.9% of patients treated with bosutinib compared to 0.8% of patients treated with imatinib. Cardiac ischemic events occurred in 4.9% of patients treated with bosutinib compared to 0.8% of patients treated with imatinib. In a single-arm study in adult patients with CML who were resistant or intolerant to prior therapy, cardiac failure was observed in 5.3% of patients and cardiac ischemic events were observed in 5.1% of patients treated with bosutinib. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms consistent with cardiac failure and cardiac ischemia and treat as clinically indicated. Interrupt, dose reduce, or discontinue bosutinib as necessary [see Dosage and Administration (2.3 ) and Adverse Reactions (6 )]. Pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM CV’s BOSULIF ® (bosutinib) tablets. However, due to PF PRISM CV’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. 5.5 Fluid Retention Fluid retention occurs with bosutinib and may manifest as pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, and/or peripheral edema. In the randomized clinical trial of 268 adult patients with newly-diagnosed CML in the bosutinib treatment group, 3 patients (1.1%) experienced severe fluid retention of Grade 3, 1 patient experienced Grade 3 pericardial effusion, and 2 patients experienced Grade 3 pleural effusion. Among 546 adult patients in a single-arm study in patients with Ph+ CML who were resistant or intolerant to prior therapy, Grade 3 or 4 fluid retention was reported in 30 patients (6%). Some patients experienced more than one fluid retention event. Specifically, 24 patients experienced Grade 3 or 4 pleural effusions, 9 patients experienced Grade 3 or Grade 4 pericardial effusions, and 6 patients experienced Grade 3 edema. Monitor and manage patients using standards of care. Interrupt, dose reduce or discontinue bosutinib as necessary [see Dosage and Administration (2.3 ) and Adverse Reactions (6 )]. Pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM CV’s BOSULIF ® (bosutinib) tablets. However, due to PF PRISM CV’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. 5.6 Renal Toxicity An on-treatment decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has occurred in patients treated with bosutinib. Table 6 identifies the shift from baseline to lowest observed eGFR during bosutinib therapy for patients in the pooled leukemia studies regardless of line of therapy. The median duration of therapy with bosutinib was approximately 24 months (range, 0.03 to 155) for patients in these studies. Table 6: Shift From Baseline to Lowest Observed eGFR Group During Treatment Safety Population in Clinical Studies (N= 1,372)* Baseline Follow-Up Renal Function Status N Normal n (%) Mild n (%) Mild to Moderate n (%) Moderate to Severe n (%) Severe n (%) Kidney Failure n (%) Normal 527 115 (21.8) 330 (62.6) 50 (9.5) 23 (4.4) 3 (0.6) 5 (0.9) Mild 672 10 (1.5) 259 (38.5) 271 (40.3) 96 (14.3) 26 (3.9) 6 (0.9) Mild to Moderate 137 0 6 (4.4) 40 (29.2) 66 (48.2) 24 (17.5) 1 (0.7) Moderate to Severe 33 0 1 (3) 1 (3) 8 (24.2) 19 (57.6) 4 (12.1) Severe 1 0 0 0 0 0 1(100) Total 1,370 125 (9.1) 596 (43.5) 362 (26.4) 193 (14.1) 72 (5.2) 17 (1.2) Abbreviations: eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; N/n=number of patients. Notes: eGFR was calculated using Modification in Diet in Renal Disease method (MDRD). Notes: Grading is based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Classification by eGFR: Normal: greater than or equal to 90, Mild: 60 to less than 90, Mild to Moderate: 45 to less than 60, Moderate to Severe: 30 to less than 45, Severe: 15 to less than 30, Kidney Failure: less than 15 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . *Among the 1,372 patients, eGFR was missing in 7 patients at baseline or on-therapy. There were no patients with kidney failure at baseline. Monitor renal function at baseline and during therapy with bosutinib, with particular attention to those patients who have preexisting renal impairment or risk factors for renal dysfunction. Consider dose adjustment in patients with baseline and treatment emergent renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.5 )]. Pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM CV’s BOSULIF ® (bosutinib) tablets. However, due to PF PRISM CV’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. 5.7 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, bosutinib can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no available data in pregnant women to inform the drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies conducted in rats and rabbits, oral administration of bosutinib during organogenesis caused adverse developmental outcomes, including structural abnormalities, embryo-fetal mortality, and alterations to growth at maternal exposures (AUC) as low as 1.2 times the human exposure at the dose of 500 mg/day. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 2 weeks after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ].
Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Bosutinib tablets are contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to bosutinib. Reactions have included anaphylaxis [see Adverse Reactions (6.1 )]. Hypersensitivity to bosutinib. ( 4 )
Overdose
10 OVERDOSAGE Experience with bosutinib overdose in clinical studies was limited to isolated cases. There were no reports of any serious adverse events associated with the overdoses. Patients who take an overdose of bosutinib should be observed and given appropriate supportive treatment.
Drug interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS • Strong and Moderate CYP3A Inhibitors: Avoid concomitant use with bosutinib. ( 7.1 ) • Strong CYP3A Inducers: Avoid concomitant use with bosutinib. ( 7.1 ) • Proton Pump Inhibitors: Use short-acting antacids or H2 blockers as an alternative to proton pump inhibitors. ( 7.1 ) 7.1 Effect of Other Drugs on Bosutinib Strong or Moderate CYP3A Inhibitors Avoid the concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors with bosutinib. Bosutinib is a CYP3A substrate. Concomitant use with a strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitor increases bosutinib C max and AUC [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] which may increase the risk of toxicities. Strong CYP3A Inducers Avoid the concomitant use of strong CYP3A inducers with bosutinib. Bosutinib is a CYP3A substrate. Concomitant use with a strong CYP3A inducer decreases bosutinib C max and AUC [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3 )] which may reduce bosutinib efficacy. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) As an alternative to PPIs, use short-acting antacids or H2 blockers and separate dosing by more than 2 hours from bosutinib dosing. Bosutinib displays pH dependent aqueous solubility, Concomitant use with a PPI decreases bosutinib C max and AUC [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3 )] which may reduce bosutinib efficacy.
Uses
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Bosutinib tablets are indicated for the treatment of: Adult patients with chronic phase (CP) Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (Ph+ CML), newly-diagnosed or resistant or intolerant to prior therapy [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 , 14.2 )] . Adult patients with accelerated phase (AP), or blast phase (BP) Ph+ CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy [see Clinical Studies (14.2 )]. Pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM CV’s BOSULIF ® (bosutinib) tablets. However, due to PF PRISM CV’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. Bosutinib tablets are a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adult patients with chronic phase Ph+ chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), newly-diagnosed or resistant or intolerant to prior therapy. ( 1 ) adult patients with accelerated, or blast phase Ph+ CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy. ( 1 )
Dosage forms & strengths
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Adult patients with newly-diagnosed chronic phase Ph+ CML: 400 mg orally once daily with food. ( 2.1 ) Adult patients with chronic, accelerated, or blast phase Ph+ CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy: 500 mg orally once daily with food. ( 2.1 ) Consider dose escalation by increments of 100 mg once daily to a maximum of 600 mg daily in adult patients who do not reach complete hematologic, cytogenetic, or molecular response and do not have Grade 3 or greater adverse reactions. ( 2.2 ) Adjust dosage for toxicity and organ impairment ( 2 ) 2.1 Recommended Dosage The recommended dosage is taken orally once daily with food. Swallow tablets whole. Do not cut, crush, break or chew tablets. Continue treatment with bosutinib tablets until disease progression or intolerance to therapy. If a dose is missed beyond 12 hours, the patient should skip the dose and take the usual prescribed dose on the following day. Dosage in Adult Patients with Newly-Diagnosed CP Ph+ CML The recommended dosage of bosutinib tablet is 400 mg orally once daily with food. Dosage in Adult Patients with CP, AP, or BP Ph+ CML with Resistance or Intolerance to Prior Therapy The recommended dosage of bosutinib tablet is 500 mg orally once daily with food. Pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM CV’s BOSULIF ® (bosutinib) tablets. However, due to PF PRISM CV’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information . 2.2 Dose Escalation In clinical studies of adult patients with Ph+ CML, dose escalation by increments of 100 mg once daily to a maximum of 600 mg once daily was allowed in patients who did not achieve or maintain a hematologic, cytogenetic, or molecular response and who did not have Grade 3 or higher adverse reactions at the recommended starting dosage. The maximum dose in adult patients is 600 mg once daily. Pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM CV’s BOSULIF ® (bosutinib) tablets. However, due to PF PRISM CV’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. 2.3 Dosage Adjustments for Non-Hematologic Adverse Reactions Elevated liver transaminases: If elevations in liver transaminases greater than 5×institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) occur, withhold bosutinib tablets until recovery to less than or equal to 2.5×ULN and resume at 400 mg once daily thereafter. If recovery takes longer than 4 weeks, discontinue bosutinib tablets. If transaminase elevations greater than or equal to 3×ULN occur concurrently with bilirubin elevations greater than 2×ULN and alkaline phosphatase less than 2×ULN (Hy’s law case definition), discontinue bosutinib tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3 )]. Diarrhea: For National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) Grade 3 to 4 diarrhea (increase of greater than or equal to 7 stools/day over baseline/pretreatment), withhold bosutinib tablets until recovery to Grade less than or equal to 1. Bosutinib tablets may be resumed at 400 mg once daily [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 )] . For other clinically significant, moderate or severe non-hematological toxicity, withhold bosutinib tablets until the toxicity has resolved, then consider resuming bosutinib tablets at a dose reduced by 100 mg taken once daily. If clinically appropriate, consider re-escalating the dose of bosutinib tablets to the starting dose taken once daily. Pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM CV’s BOSULIF ® (bosutinib) tablets. However, due to PF PRISM CV’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. 2.4 Dosage Adjustments for Myelosuppression Dose reductions for severe or persistent neutropenia and thrombocytopenia are described below (Table 3). Table 3: Dose Adjustments for Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia in Adult Patients ANC a less than 1,000×10 6 /L or Platelets less than 50,000×10 6 /L Withhold bosutinib tablets until ANC greater than or equal to 1,000×10 6 /L and platelets greater than or equal to 50,000×10 6 /L. Resume treatment with bosutinib tablets at the same dose if recovery occurs within 2 weeks. If blood counts remain low for greater than 2 weeks, upon recovery, reduce dose by 100 mg and resume treatment. If cytopenia recurs, reduce dose by an additional 100 mg upon recovery and resume treatment. a Absolute Neutrophil Count Pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM CV’s BOSULIF ® (bosutinib) tablets. However, due to PF PRISM CV’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information. 2.5 Dosage Adjustments for Renal Impairment or Hepatic Impairment The recommended starting doses for patients with renal and hepatic impairment are described in Table 4 below. Table 4: Dose Adjustments for Renal and Hepatic Impairment in Adult Patients R ecommended Starting Dosage N ewly-diagnosed chronic phase Ph+ CML C hronic, accelerated, or blast phase Ph+ CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy Normal renal and hepatic function 400 mg daily 500 mg daily Renal impairment Creatinine clearance 30 to 50 mL/min 300 mg daily 400 mg daily Creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min 200 mg daily 300 mg daily Hepatic impairment Mild (Child-Pugh A), Moderate (Child-Pugh B) or Severe (Child-Pugh C) 200 mg daily 200 mg daily [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6 , 8.7 ) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3 )] . Pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM CV’s BOSULIF ® (bosutinib) tablets. However, due to PF PRISM CV’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information.